Swear Words Used by Dutch

Abstract

This study aims to identify Dutch swear words and analyze their form, function, and reference using a descriptive qualitative approach. Primary data were obtained through in-depth interviews, while secondary data were collected via document analysis. The researcher served as the main research instrument, supported by a questionnaire for selecting relevant swear words and an interview guide to explore their function and reference. The participants included three Dutch tourists visiting Bali, selected based on predetermined criteria. The analysis identified 46 Dutch swear words, categorized by their form: words (31), phrases (9), and clauses (6). In terms of function, the swear words were used to draw attention (7), discredit someone or something (32), provoke (28), and provide catharsis (6). References of the swear words were grouped into several categories, including animal (6), religion (1), scatology (5), sexual reproductive organ (6), sexual activity (8), kinship (1), disease (6), and mental incapacity (7). The findings comprehensively address the research questions and highlight the complexity of Dutch swearing. This study also underscores the potential for misinterpretation in cross-cultural interactions involving taboo language. The results contribute to the broader understanding of linguistic expression, sociocultural context, and pragmatic functions of swearing in Dutch.