PENGARUH SELF-EFFICACY, GROWTH MINDSET, DAN GRIT TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA
Keywords:
Self-efficacy, growth mindset, grit, critical thinking, mathematics learning
Abstract
This study aims to assess the influence of academic self-belief (self-efficacy) and personal perseverance (grit) in relation to students' understanding of mathematics. A quantitative approach was employed using a correlational design. The participants consisted of 29 university students selected through a cluster random sampling technique. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire. The analysis included descriptive statistics, classical assumption tests (normality, multicollinearity, autocorrelation, and heteroscedasticity), and hypothesis testing through multiple linear regression analysis. The findings revealed that both self-efficacy and grit had a statistically significant and positive impact on learning outcomes (p < 0.05), whereas growth mindset did not show a meaningful influence (p > 0.05). All three psychological factors contributed significantly to students’ critical thinking skills, with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.909, indicating that 90.9% of the variance in critical thinking ability could be explained by the model. Therefore, it can be concluded that students’ critical thinking performance in mathematics is substantially shaped by psychological traits such as self-efficacy and grit.
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References
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Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. London: Macmillan Publishers Ltd.
Creswell, J. W. & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Thousand Oaks: Sage publications.
DiNapoli, J. (2023). Distinguishing between grit, persistence, and perseverance for learning mathematics with understanding. Education Sciences, 13(4), 402. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13040402
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Duckworth, A. L., Peterson, C., Matthews, M. D., & Kelly, D. R. (2007). Grit: perseverance and passion for long-term goals. Journal of personality and social psychology, 92(6), 1087. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.6.1087
Facione, P. A. (2011). Critical Thinking: What It Is and Why It Counts. Millbrae, CA: The California Aca-demic Press. http://www.student.uwa.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/1922502/Critical- Thinking-What-it-is-and-why-it-counts.pdf
Gravetter, F. J. & Forzano, L. B. (2006). Research methods for the behavioral sciences. South African Journal of Psychology, 36(2), 450.
Halpern, D. F. (2013). Thought and knowledge: An introduction to critical thinking. New York: Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315885278
Khan, N. (2018). The Impact of Mindset and Grit on Academic Success in Math and Science. Hofstra University.
Mallahi, O. (2024). Critical Thinking Skills, Academic Resilience, Grit and Argumentative Writing Performance of Iranian EFL Learners. Journal of Modern Research in English Language Studies, 11(2), 100-130. https://doi.org/10.30479/jmrels.2023.18827.2217
Nugroho, G. N. & Riyanto, O. R. (2019). Mathematical Critical Thinking Ability Reviewed From Self-Efficacy in Discovery Learning. EduMa: Mathematics Education Learning and Teaching, 8(1), 25-32. 10.24235/eduma.v8i1.4593
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Rohim, A., Yuwono, I., & Mulyati, S. (2014). Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Materi Segiempat Berbasis Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) untuk Melatih Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Kelas VII SMP. Tesis. Tidak dipublikasikan. Malang: Universitas Negeri Malang.
Rohim, A. & Asmana, A. T. (2023). Pengembangan Media Roka'at (Roda Akar dan Pangkat) untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Reversible Thinking Matematis Siswa. MAJAMATH: Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika, 6(2), 111-123. https://doi.org/10.36815/majamath.v6i2.2877
Rohim, A. & Prayogi, B. T. (2023). Analisis kesulitan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal aljabar ditinjau dari kemampuan berpikir logis. Inspiramatika: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Matematika, 9(1), 65-75. https://doi.org/10.52166/inspiramatika.v9i1.4446
Rohim, A. & Rofiki, I. (2024). Profil Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa dalam Menyelesaikan Soal AKM Numerasi. Kognitif: Jurnal Riset HOTS Pendidikan Matematika, 4(1), 183-193. https://doi.org/10.51574/kognitif.v4i1.893
Schunk, D. H. & DiBenedetto, M. K. (2020). Motivation and Social Cognitive Theory. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 60, 101832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.101832
Seo, E. & Lee, H. (2023). The Moderating Effect of Grit on the Relationship Between Critical Thinking and Creativity. The New Educational Review, 71(1), 129-139. https://doi.org/10.15804/tner.23.71.1.10
Smith, A. (2021). The Relationship of Grit, Mathematics Self-Efficacy, STEM Career Interest, and Academic Achievement for Middle School Students in Algebra I. Disertasi. University of Houston-Clear Lake. https://uhcl-ir.tdl.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/96cdcad1-b59c-4562-94b0-6bdaa4596115/content
Wang, D., Gan, L., & Wang, C. (2021). The Effect of Growth Mindset on Reasoning Ability in Chinese Adolescents and Young Adults: the Moderating Role of Self-Esteem. Current Psychology, 42, 553-559. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01437-9
Watson, R. A. (2018). The Relationship Between Critical Thinking Ability and Growth Mindset in 7th Grade Math Students. Tesis. Warrensburg: University of Central Missouri.
Yulianto, D., Umami, M. R., & Mony, R. S. (2024). Fostering Critical Thinking and Self-Efficacy in Mathematics Students: Exploring the Impact of Contextual Learning and Problem-Based Learning as well as Direct Instruction. Union: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Matematika, 12(1), 116–133. https://doi.org/10.30738/union.v12i1.16900
Arif, M. & Upu, H. (2021). The Influence of Numerical Ability, Mathematical Communication, Metacognition, and Self-Efficacy on Students’ Critical Thinking Skills in Solving Mathematical Problems. International Conference on Educational Studies in Mathematics (ICoESM 2021), 470-476. Atlantis Press: 13 Desember. 10.2991/assehr.k.211211.079
Arisoy, B. & Aybek, B. (2021). The Effects of Subject-Based Critical Thinking Education in Mathematics on Students' Critical Thinking Skills and Virtues. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 92, 99-119. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1294083.pdf
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. London: Macmillan Publishers Ltd.
Creswell, J. W. & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Thousand Oaks: Sage publications.
DiNapoli, J. (2023). Distinguishing between grit, persistence, and perseverance for learning mathematics with understanding. Education Sciences, 13(4), 402. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13040402
Dong, L., Jia, X., & Fei, Y. (2023). How growth mindset influences mathematics achievements: A study of Chinese middle school students. Frontiers in psychology, 14, 1148754. doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1148754
Duckworth, A. L., Peterson, C., Matthews, M. D., & Kelly, D. R. (2007). Grit: perseverance and passion for long-term goals. Journal of personality and social psychology, 92(6), 1087. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.6.1087
Facione, P. A. (2011). Critical Thinking: What It Is and Why It Counts. Millbrae, CA: The California Aca-demic Press. http://www.student.uwa.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/1922502/Critical- Thinking-What-it-is-and-why-it-counts.pdf
Gravetter, F. J. & Forzano, L. B. (2006). Research methods for the behavioral sciences. South African Journal of Psychology, 36(2), 450.
Halpern, D. F. (2013). Thought and knowledge: An introduction to critical thinking. New York: Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315885278
Khan, N. (2018). The Impact of Mindset and Grit on Academic Success in Math and Science. Hofstra University.
Mallahi, O. (2024). Critical Thinking Skills, Academic Resilience, Grit and Argumentative Writing Performance of Iranian EFL Learners. Journal of Modern Research in English Language Studies, 11(2), 100-130. https://doi.org/10.30479/jmrels.2023.18827.2217
Nugroho, G. N. & Riyanto, O. R. (2019). Mathematical Critical Thinking Ability Reviewed From Self-Efficacy in Discovery Learning. EduMa: Mathematics Education Learning and Teaching, 8(1), 25-32. 10.24235/eduma.v8i1.4593
Nurhaifa, I. & Turmudi. (2023). Study of Mathematics Self Efficacy Ability Students in Critical Thinking Ability. International Conference on Elementary Education, 5(1), 361-371). https://proceedings.upi.edu/index.php/icee/article/view/3131
Nussbaum, M., Barahona, C., Rodriguez, F., Guentulle, V., Lopez, F., Vazquez-Uscanga, E., & Cabezas, V. (2021). Taking Critical Thinking, Creativity and Grit Online. Educational Technology Research and Development, 69, 201-206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-020-09867-1
Paunesku, D., Walton, G. M., Romero, C., Smith, E. N., Yeager, D. S., & Dweck, C. S. (2015). Mind-Set Interventions Are a Scalable Treatment for Academic Underachievement. Psychological Science, 26(6), 784-793. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797615571017
Riyanto, O. R. & Mariani, S. (2019). Mathematics Critical Thinking Reviewed from Self-Efficacy and Motivation of Learning in Arias Learning. Journal of Primary Education, 8(5), 243-250. https://doi.org/10.15294 /jpe.v9i2.32690
Rohim, A., Yuwono, I., & Mulyati, S. (2014). Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Materi Segiempat Berbasis Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) untuk Melatih Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Kelas VII SMP. Tesis. Tidak dipublikasikan. Malang: Universitas Negeri Malang.
Rohim, A. & Asmana, A. T. (2023). Pengembangan Media Roka'at (Roda Akar dan Pangkat) untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Reversible Thinking Matematis Siswa. MAJAMATH: Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika, 6(2), 111-123. https://doi.org/10.36815/majamath.v6i2.2877
Rohim, A. & Prayogi, B. T. (2023). Analisis kesulitan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal aljabar ditinjau dari kemampuan berpikir logis. Inspiramatika: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Matematika, 9(1), 65-75. https://doi.org/10.52166/inspiramatika.v9i1.4446
Rohim, A. & Rofiki, I. (2024). Profil Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa dalam Menyelesaikan Soal AKM Numerasi. Kognitif: Jurnal Riset HOTS Pendidikan Matematika, 4(1), 183-193. https://doi.org/10.51574/kognitif.v4i1.893
Schunk, D. H. & DiBenedetto, M. K. (2020). Motivation and Social Cognitive Theory. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 60, 101832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.101832
Seo, E. & Lee, H. (2023). The Moderating Effect of Grit on the Relationship Between Critical Thinking and Creativity. The New Educational Review, 71(1), 129-139. https://doi.org/10.15804/tner.23.71.1.10
Smith, A. (2021). The Relationship of Grit, Mathematics Self-Efficacy, STEM Career Interest, and Academic Achievement for Middle School Students in Algebra I. Disertasi. University of Houston-Clear Lake. https://uhcl-ir.tdl.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/96cdcad1-b59c-4562-94b0-6bdaa4596115/content
Wang, D., Gan, L., & Wang, C. (2021). The Effect of Growth Mindset on Reasoning Ability in Chinese Adolescents and Young Adults: the Moderating Role of Self-Esteem. Current Psychology, 42, 553-559. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01437-9
Watson, R. A. (2018). The Relationship Between Critical Thinking Ability and Growth Mindset in 7th Grade Math Students. Tesis. Warrensburg: University of Central Missouri.
Yulianto, D., Umami, M. R., & Mony, R. S. (2024). Fostering Critical Thinking and Self-Efficacy in Mathematics Students: Exploring the Impact of Contextual Learning and Problem-Based Learning as well as Direct Instruction. Union: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Matematika, 12(1), 116–133. https://doi.org/10.30738/union.v12i1.16900
Published
2025-12-31
Section
Articles
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