Toxicity of Plant-Based Insecticide Extracts of Tobacco Stem (Nicotiana tabacum L.), Babadotan Leaves (Ageratum conyzoides L.) and a Combination of These to Control Crocidolomia pavonana F. Larvae
Keywords:
Crocidolomia pavonana, plant-based insecticide, insecticide combination, Nicotiana tabacum, Ageratum conyzoides
Abstract
Crocidolomia pavonana is one of the pests that attacks the Brassicaceae family. The larvae of C. pavonana can eat cabbage plants until they are able to reduce production by 79.81%. One of the solutions to control this pest is to use plant-based insecticides. This study aims to determine the toxicity of tobacco stem extracts, babadotan leaves and a combination of the two against C. pavonana. Each extract was tested to instar III C. pavonana larvae by leaf dip method. At 96 hours after treatment, babadotan extract (17%) had a mortality value of 93.33%, while tobacco extract (30%) had a mortality value of 93.33%. Babadotan extract had a lower LC50 than tobacco extract of 6,710 and 10,640, respectively. Meanwhile, the combination of Ac:Nt (3:5) had the best mortality and LC50 values, which were 96.67% and 5.245. These values indicate that the combination of extracts is more toxic than single ingredients. Based on the combination index, the combination of Ac:Nt (3:5) at the LC50 and LC95 levels is weak synergistic. Thus, the single-ingredient treatment of babadotan extract was more toxic than the tobacco stem extract, but the combination treatment of Ac:Nt (3:5) was more toxic than the treatment of single extract.
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References
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Ramasamy, V., Karthi, S., Ganesan, R., Prakash, P., Senthil-Nathan, S., Umavathi, S., ... & Vasantha-Srinivasan, P. 2021. Chemical characterization of billy goat weed extracts Ageratum conyzoides (Asteraceae) and their mosquitocidal activity against three blood-sucking pests and their non-toxicity against aquatic predators. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28: 28456-28469.
Rioba, N. B., & Stevenson, P. C. 2017. Ageratum conyzoides L. for the management of pests and diseases by small holder farmers. Industrial crops and products 110: 22-29.
Sakadzo, N., Makaza, K., & Chikata, L. 2020. Biopesticidal properties of aqueous crude extracts of tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum L.) against fall armyworm (Spodoptera Frugiperda JE Smith) on maize foliage (Zea Mays L.) diets. Agricultural Science 2(1): p47-p47.
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Syahputra, A., and Minarti. 2022. Joint Action of Azadirachta indica and Barringtonia asiatica Seed Extracts Against Crocidolomia pavonana. AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science 44(1): 40-47.
Yooboon, T., Pengsook, A., Ratwatthananon, A., Pluempanupat, W., & Bullangpoti, V. 2019. A plant-based extract mixture for controlling Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture 6: 1-10.
Astuti, K. R. P., Neneng, W. S., Danar, D., Yusup, H., Toto, S., Sri, H., dan Rani, M. 2018. Toxicity of Seed Oil of Azadirachta indica, Calophyllum inophyllum and Their Mixture Against Crocidolomia pavonana Larvae. Journal of Chemistry and Environment 22(2): 267-273.
Dadang, dan Prijono, D. 2008. Insektisida Nabati: Prinsip, Pemanfaatan dan Pengembangan. IPB press: Bogor.
Habriantono, B., Suharto, S., Wagiyana, W., Hoesain, M., Jatmiko, M. W., Prastowo, S., & Alfarisy, F. K. 2023. Toxicology of Nuclear polyhedrosis virus, Botanical and Synthetic pesticides on Mortality Rate of Crocidolomia binotalis (Zeller). Baghdad Science Journal 20(1): 17-25.
Hanif, M. S., Hasan, M., Sagheer, M., Aatif, H. M., Malik, R., & Waqas, M. 2016. Insecticidal activity of different botanicals (bitterapple, neem and tobacco) towards Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). J Glob Innov Agric Soc Sci 4: 197-203.
Hoesain M, Prastowo S, Wagiyana, Pradana AP, Alfarisy FK, Adiwena M. Use of aqueous plant extracts to reduce profenofos residues in the leaf of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) and suppression of the grasshopper population. Plant Sci. Today [Internet]. 2021 Jul. 1 [cited 2025 Jan. 24];8(3):674–680. Available from: https://horizonepublishing.com/journals/index.php/PST/article/view/1173
Javier, A. M. V., Ocampo, V. R., Ceballo, F. A., and Javier, P. A. 2018. Insecticidal Activities of Essential Oils from Different Plants Against the Cabbage Worm, Crocidolomia pavonana Fabricus (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Philipp Agric Scientist 101(2): 158-166.
Kanmani, S., Kumar, L., Raveen, R., Tennyson, S., Arivoli, S., & Jayakumar, M. 2021. Toxicity of tobacco Nicotiana tabacum Linnaeus (Solanaceae) leaf extracts to the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae Linnaeus 1763 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology 82: 1-12.
Khan, I. A., Hussain, S., Akbar, R., Saeed, M., Farid, A., Ali, I., ... & Shah, B. 2015. Efficacy of a biopesticide and synthetic pesticides against tobacco aphid, Myzus persicae Sulz.(Homoptera, Aphididae), on tobacco in Peshawar. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 4: 371-373.
Khursheed, A., Rather, M. A., Jain, V., Rasool, S., Nazir, R., Malik, N. A., & Majid, S. A. 2022. Plant based natural products as potential ecofriendly and safer biopesticides: A comprehensive overview of their advantages over conventional pesticides, limitations and regulatory aspects. Microbial Pathogenesis 173.
Nailufar, N., & Prijono, D. 2017. Synergistic activity of Piper aduncum fruit and Tephrosia vogelii leaf extracts against the cabbage head caterpillar, Crocidolomia pavonana. Journal of the International Society for Southeast Asian Agricultural Sciences 23(1): 102-110.
Nenotek, P. S., Londingkene, J. A., Ludji, R., Harini, T. S., Kapa, M. J., Nguru, E. O., Roefaida, E., and Konanin, M. 2022. The Toxicity of Annona squamosa seeds and Anacardium occidentale Seed Shells from East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, Against Cabbage Caterpillar (Crocidolomia pavonana). International Journal Tropical Drylands 6(1): 39-44
Peševski, M. Đ., Iliev, B. M., Živković, D. L., Jakimovska-Popovska, V. T., Srbinoska, M. A., & Filiposki, B. K. 2010. Possibilities for utilization of tobacco stems for production of energetic briquettes. Journal of Agricultural Sciences Belgrade 55(1): 45-54.
Pintong, A. R., Ampawong, S., Komalamisra, N., Sriwichai, P., Popruk, S., & Ruangsittichai, J. 2020. Insecticidal and histopathological effects of Ageratum conyzoides weed extracts against dengue vector, Aedes aegypti. Insects 11(4): 224.
Prijono, D., Anggraini, M., Maryani, S. R., & Surya, E. D. 2021. Insecticidal Joint Action of Ternary Extract Mixtures of four Species of Tropical Plants Against Plutella xylostella and Crocidolomia pavonana. Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 21(1): 34-42.
Radev, Z., & Stoyanova, L. 2024. Study for bioinsecticidal activity of tobacco extracts against Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science 30(3): 486-490.
Ragesh, P. R., Bhutia, T. N., Ganta, S., & Singh, A. K. 2016. Repellent, antifeedant and toxic effects of Ageratum conyzoides (Linnaeus)(Asteraceae) extract against Helicovepra armigera (Hübner)(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection 49(1-4): 19-30.
Ramasamy, V., Karthi, S., Ganesan, R., Prakash, P., Senthil-Nathan, S., Umavathi, S., ... & Vasantha-Srinivasan, P. 2021. Chemical characterization of billy goat weed extracts Ageratum conyzoides (Asteraceae) and their mosquitocidal activity against three blood-sucking pests and their non-toxicity against aquatic predators. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28: 28456-28469.
Rioba, N. B., & Stevenson, P. C. 2017. Ageratum conyzoides L. for the management of pests and diseases by small holder farmers. Industrial crops and products 110: 22-29.
Sakadzo, N., Makaza, K., & Chikata, L. 2020. Biopesticidal properties of aqueous crude extracts of tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum L.) against fall armyworm (Spodoptera Frugiperda JE Smith) on maize foliage (Zea Mays L.) diets. Agricultural Science 2(1): p47-p47.
Sabarwal, A., Kumar, K., & Singh, R. P. 2018. Hazardous effects of chemical pesticides on human health–Cancer and other associated disorders. Environmental toxicology and pharmacology 63: 103-114.
Syahputra, A., and Minarti. 2022. Joint Action of Azadirachta indica and Barringtonia asiatica Seed Extracts Against Crocidolomia pavonana. AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science 44(1): 40-47.
Yooboon, T., Pengsook, A., Ratwatthananon, A., Pluempanupat, W., & Bullangpoti, V. 2019. A plant-based extract mixture for controlling Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture 6: 1-10.
Published
2025-07-02
How to Cite
Latifatuzzahro’, A., Hoesain, M., & Alfarisy, F. (2025). Toxicity of Plant-Based Insecticide Extracts of Tobacco Stem (Nicotiana tabacum L.), Babadotan Leaves (Ageratum conyzoides L.) and a Combination of These to Control Crocidolomia pavonana F. Larvae. AGRORADIX : Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian, 8(2), 39-50. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.52166/agroteknologi.v8i2.8884
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