Karakteristik Kimia dan Kesuburan Tanah pada Lahan Ubi Kayu di Buton Utara
Keywords:
Ketersediaan hara, Lahan berbatu, Manajemen hara, Pengurasan hara, Retensi haraAbstract
Karakteristik kimia tanah merupakan faktor utama yang memengaruhi tingkat kesuburan tanah pada lahan pertanian. Variasi tingkat kesuburan tanah dapat terjadi akibat perbedaan pengelolaan lahan dan kondisi lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sifat kimia tanah serta mengevaluasi tingkat kesuburan tanah pada pertanaman ubi kayu yang diusahakan pada lahan berbatu di Kecamatan Kulisusu dan Kecamatan Kulisusu Utara, Kabupaten Buton Utara. Penelitian dilaksanakan menggunakan metode survei melalui pengamatan lapangan dan analisis laboratorium di Laboratorium Ilmu Tanah Universitas Halu Oleo. Penentuan lokasi pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling pada enam desa, yaitu Waode Buri, Ulu Nambo, Lelamo, Loji, Jampaka, dan Bonelipu. Sampel tanah diambil masing-masing sebanyak ±1 kg dari setiap lokasi, kemudian dianalisis untuk parameter pH, C-organik, P-tersedia, K-tersedia, kapasitas tukar kation (KTK), dan kejenuhan basa (KB). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pH tanah tergolong agak masam (5,60–5,82), KTK tergolong sedang hingga sangat tinggi (24,80–35,39 cmol(+)/kg), dan KB termasuk sangat tinggi (70,79–85,63%). Sementara itu, kadar P dan K-tersedia serta C-organik semua lokasi termasuk kategori rendah hingga sedang (masing-masing berkisar 9,57-13,68 ppm, 0,34-0,41 cmol(+)/kg, dan 1,11-2,13%). Berdasarkan evaluasi sifat kimia tanah pada pertanaman ubi kayu di lahan berbatu disimpulkan bahwa tingkat kesuburan tanah pada lokasi penelitian bervariasi dari rendah hingga tinggi Meskipun lokasi ini memiliki retensi hara yang tinggi karena berkembang pada daerah karst, tetapi laju pengurasan hara yang cepat pada beberapa lokasi yang ditandai dengan rendahnya kadar C-organik, P dan K mengindikasikan perlunya manajemen hara spesifik lokasi melalui kombinasi penggunaan pupuk organik dan anorganik.
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