Keragaman dan Potensi Pemanfaatan Gulma pada Lahan Sawah Budidaya Tanaman Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.)
Keywords:
Keragaman Gulma, Lahan Sawah, Pemanfaatan Gulma, tebu
Abstract
Gulma memiliki dampak negatif bagi pertumbuhan tanaman karena menimbulkan persaingan air, unsur hara dan ruang tumbuh termasuk pada budidaya tanaman tebu. Identifikasi jenis gulma dapat menjadi dasar pengambilan keputusan untuk menentukan teknik pengendalian gulma yang efektif dan efisien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keragaman jenis gulma yang ditemukan pada lahan sawah budidaya tebu serta potensi pemanfaatannya. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Tajinan Kecamatan Tajinan Kabupaten Malang Jawa Timur mulai bulan April hingga Mei 2025 di lahan tebu rakyat yang dibudidayakan di lahan sawah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sampling kuadrat dengan plot ukuran 1x1 m pada transek sepanjang 20 meter dan diulang sebanyak tiga ulangan sehingga terdapat 60 plot pengambilan sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 16 jenis gulma yang terdiri dari 11 spesies gulma berdaun lebar, 3 spesies gulma berdaun sempit dan 2 spesies rerumputan. Spesies gulma yang mendominasi adalah spesies Ageratum conyzoides dengan nilai SDR sebesar 26,78. Indeks keanekaragaman gulma berada pada kategori keragaman sedang dengan nilai 1,83. Indeks dominansi simpson menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada spesies gulma yang mendominasi. Gulma yang ditemukan memiliki potensi untuk dimanfaatkan dalam bidang kesehatan terutama untuk obat tradisional yaitu sebanyak 9 spesies, untuk pakan ternak sebanyak 4 spesies dan bahan pangan sebanyak 3 spesies.
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References
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Jabran, K., & Chauhan, B. S. (2018). Overview and significance of non-chemical weed control. In Non-chemical weed control (pp. 1–8). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809881-3.00001-2
Kato-Noguchi, H., & Kato, M. (2024). Defense molecules of the invasive plant species Ageratum conyzoides. Molecules, 29(19), 4673. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29194673
Kaur, A., Kaur, S., Singh, H. P., Datta, A., Chauhan, B. S., Ullah, H., Kohli, R. K., & Batish, D. R. (2023). Ecology, biology, environmental impacts, and management of an agro-environmental weed Ageratum conyzoides. Plants, 12(12), 2329. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12122329
Kaur, S., Kaur, R., & Chauhan, B. S. (2018). Understanding crop-weed-fertilizer-water interactions and their implications for weed management in agricultural systems. Crop Protection, 103, 65–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2017.09.011
Khakurel, D., Uprety, Y., Łuczaj, Ł., & Rajbhandary, S. (2021). Foods from the wild: Local knowledge, use pattern and distribution in Western Nepal. PLOS ONE, 16(10), e0258905. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258905
Kuswati, K., & Adi, W. C. (2021). Gathering nutritious edible wild plants based on societies indigenous knowledge from Sempolan, Jember Regency. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 21(2), 393–402. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v21i2.2607
Lin, L.-Z., Sun, J., Chen, P., Zhang, R.-W., Fan, X.-E., Li, L.-W., & Harnly, J. M. (2014). Profiling of Glucosinolates and Flavonoids in Rorippa indica (Linn.) Hiern. (Cruciferae) by UHPLC-PDA-ESI/HRMS n. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 62(26), 6118–6129. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf405538d
Mahgoub, A. M. M. A. (2023). Ecological importance and sociological characters of fourteen widespread weeds and their contribution to the observed (dis)similarity between weed communities. Heliyon, 9(4), e13638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13638
Montemurro, F., Persiani, A., & Diacono, M. (2020). Cover crop as living mulch: effects on energy flows in Mediterranean organic cropping systems. Agronomy, 10(5), 667. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10050667
Ng, Z. X., Than, M. J. Y., & Yong, P. H. (2021). Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth herbal tea: Effect of fermentation and drying methods on the consumer acceptance, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Food Chemistry, 344, 128738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128738
Nguyen, T. (2023). Review on bioactive compounds and pharmacological properties of Cleome rutidosperma DC. Journal of Tropical Life Science, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.13.03.20
Nkoa, R., Owen, M. D. K., & Swanton, C. J. (2015). Weed abundance, distribution, diversity, and community analyses. Weed Science, 63(SP1), 64–90. https://doi.org/10.1614/WS-D-13-00075.1
Putra, F. P., Yudono, P., & Waluyo, D. S. (2018). Perubahan komposisi gulma pada sistem tumpangsari padi gogo dengan kedelai di lahan pasir pantai. Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy), 46(1), 33. https://doi.org/10.24831/jai.v46i1.17093
Rachmalia, F., Fauziyyah, M. D., Faturrahman, A. D., Ramadhan, M. F., Indriyani, S., Aurina, D. M., Septiasari, A., & Setyawan, A. D. (2023). Studi potensi pemanfaatan tumbuhan vaskuler non-timber di Desa Donorejo, Kecamatan Kaligesing, Purworejo, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon, 9(2), 16–28. https://doi.org/10.13057/psnmbi/m090203
Ragavan, P., Saxena, A., Mohan, P. M., Ravichandran, K., Jayaraj, R. S. C., & Saravanan, S. (2015). Diversity, distribution and vegetative structure of mangroves of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Journal of Coastal Conservation, 19(4), 417–443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-015-0398-4
Ramesha, Y. M., Bhanuvally, M., Krishnamurthy, D., & Gaddi, A. K. (2018). Weed management effect on growth and yield of sugarcane. Indian Journal of Weed Science, 50(4), 373. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-8164.2018.00079.5
Satriawan, H., & Zahrul, F. (2019). Short communication: analysis of weed vegetation in immature and mature oil palm plantations. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 20(11). https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d201123
Silalahi, M. (2022). Crassocephalum crepidioides (bioactivity and utilization). Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of Education and Science, ICES 2021, November 17-18, 2021, Jakarta, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.17-11-2021.2318673
Suarna, I. W., Suryani, N. N., Budiasa, K. M., & Wijaya, I. M. S. (2019). Karakteristik tumbuh Asystasia gangetica pada berbagai aras pemupukan urea. Pastura, 9(1), 21–23.
Susilawati, Asysyifa, & Oktoviani, I. (2021). Composition and diversity of weeds in peat swamp forest in Banjar District of South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 113(5), 84–91. https://doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2021-05.10
Tiffeau-Mayer, A. (2024). Unbiased estimation of sampling variance for Simpson’s diversity index. Physical Review E, 109(6), 064411. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.109.064411
Travlos, I. S., Cheimona, N., Roussis, I., & Bilalis, D. J. (2018). Weed-species abundance and diversity indices in relation to tillage systems and fertilization. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 6(11), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2018.00011
Xu, C., Zeng, Y., Zheng, Z., Zhao, D., Liu, W., Ma, Z., & Wu, B. (2022). Assessing the impact of soil on species diversity estimation based on UAV imaging spectroscopy in a natural alpine steppe. Remote Sensing, 14(3), 671. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14030671
Xu, K., Chang, Y., Zhang, Y., Liu, K., Zhang, J., Wang, W., Li, Z., Wu, J., Ma, S., Xin, Y., Li, C., Zhou, Q., Qiu, H., Pi, Y., Wang, Y., Tan, G., & Li, C. (2016). Rorippa indica regeneration via somatic embryogenesis involving frog egg-like bodies efficiently induced by the synergy of salt and drought stresses. Scientific Reports, 6(1), 19811. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep19811
Yuan, X., Li, R., Tang, G., Yang, S., & Deng, J. (2025). Enhancing sugarcane yield and weed control sustainability with degradable film mulching. Plants, 14(16), 2521. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14162521
Yuliana, A. I., & Ami, M. S. (2020). Analisis vegetasi dan potensi pemanfaatan jenis gulma pasca pertanaman jagung. Jurnal Agroteknologi Merdeka Pasuruan, 4(2), 20–28.
Akram, N. A., Shafiq, F., & Ashraf, M. (2018). Peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.): a prospective legume crop to offer multiple health benefits under changing climate. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 17(5), 1325–1338. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12383
Amarullah, E. T., Trizelia, T., Yaherwandi, Y., & Hamid, H. (2017). Diversity of plant species in paddy ecosystem in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 18(3), 1218–1225. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d180346
Ardiyansyah, B., & Purwono. (2015). Mempelajari pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tebu (Saccharum Officinarum L) dengan masa tanam sama pada tipologi lahan berbeda. Buletin Agrohorti, 3(3), 357–365. https://doi.org/10.29244/agrob.v3i3.15815
Atisha, S. A., & Mita, S. R. (2018). Review: herbal bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.) sebagai pengobatan luka terbuka. Farmaka, 16(3), 116–121. https://doi.org/10.24198/jf.v16i3.17419.g8974
Bezerra, J. J. L., & Pinheiro, A. A. V. (2022). Traditional uses, phytochemistry, and anticancer potential of Cyperus rotundus L. (Cyperaceae): A systematic review. South African Journal of Botany, 144, 175–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2021.08.010
Chabert-Llompart, J. (2022). Setaria barbata (East Indian bristlegrass). In CABI Compendium. https://doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.120137
Chahal, R., Nanda, A., Akkol, E. K., Sobarzo-Sánchez, E., Arya, A., Kaushik, D., Dutt, R., Bhardwaj, R., Rahman, M. H., & Mittal, V. (2021). Ageratum conyzoides L. and Its Secondary Metabolites in the Management of Different Fungal Pathogens. Molecules, 26(10), 2933. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26102933
Das, S., Ghosh, P., Ghosh, C., Saha, M., Hazra, A. K., & Chatterje, S. (2022). Phytochemical profiling and pharmacognostic evaluation of Oldenlandia corymbosa and Ocimum sanctum leaves hydroalcoholic extracts: comparative study. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 34(17), 8–25. https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2022/v34i17A35747
Ejike, A. E., Chimsorom, C. K., Okechukwu, I. R., & Innocent, I. I. (2025). Evaluation of active principles of ethanol leaf extracts of Laportea aestuans for anti-inflammatory property in animal models. International Journal of Modern Science and Research Technology, 3(7), 143–155. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416801
El Molla, S. G., Abdel Motaal, A., El Hefnawy, H., & El Fishawy, A. (2016). Cytotoxic activity of phenolic constituents from Echinochloa crus-galli against four human cancer cell lines. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 26(1), 62–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2015.07.026
Endrizal, E., & Meilin, A. (2022). Prospek dan pengelolaan tanaman tebu “Poj 2878 Agribun Kerinci” sebagai penghasil gula merah di Kabupaten Kerinci, Provinsi Jambi. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Terapan Universitas Jambi, 6(2), 212–228. https://doi.org/10.22437/jiituj.v6i2.22959
Gueye, A., Mbéguéré, M., Niang, S., Diop, C., & Strande, L. (2016). Novel plant species for faecal sludge drying beds: Survival, biomass response and forage quality. Ecological Engineering, 94(Supplement), 617–621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.05.027
Hao, L., Qingdong, S., Imin, B., & Kasim, N. (2020). Methodology for optimizing quadrat size in sparse vegetation surveys: A desert case study from the Tarim Basin. PLOS ONE, 15(8), e0235469. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235469
Ikbal, A. M. A., Sarkar, A., Saha, A., Bhardwaj, P., Panchadhayee, R., S, S., Somabattini, R. A., Das, N., Nanjappan, S. K., Unger, B. S., Hazra, A., Ghosh, P., Babykutty, S., Nahar, L., Sarker, S. D., Palit, P., & Chattopadhyay, D. (2025). studies, and assessment of antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, hypoglycemic, anti‐rheumatoid‐arthritis potential with Acmella paniculata : in‐silico and in‐vitro appraisal. ChemistrySelect, 10(17). https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202405189
Jabran, K., & Chauhan, B. S. (2018). Overview and significance of non-chemical weed control. In Non-chemical weed control (pp. 1–8). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809881-3.00001-2
Kato-Noguchi, H., & Kato, M. (2024). Defense molecules of the invasive plant species Ageratum conyzoides. Molecules, 29(19), 4673. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29194673
Kaur, A., Kaur, S., Singh, H. P., Datta, A., Chauhan, B. S., Ullah, H., Kohli, R. K., & Batish, D. R. (2023). Ecology, biology, environmental impacts, and management of an agro-environmental weed Ageratum conyzoides. Plants, 12(12), 2329. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12122329
Kaur, S., Kaur, R., & Chauhan, B. S. (2018). Understanding crop-weed-fertilizer-water interactions and their implications for weed management in agricultural systems. Crop Protection, 103, 65–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2017.09.011
Khakurel, D., Uprety, Y., Łuczaj, Ł., & Rajbhandary, S. (2021). Foods from the wild: Local knowledge, use pattern and distribution in Western Nepal. PLOS ONE, 16(10), e0258905. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258905
Kuswati, K., & Adi, W. C. (2021). Gathering nutritious edible wild plants based on societies indigenous knowledge from Sempolan, Jember Regency. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 21(2), 393–402. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v21i2.2607
Lin, L.-Z., Sun, J., Chen, P., Zhang, R.-W., Fan, X.-E., Li, L.-W., & Harnly, J. M. (2014). Profiling of Glucosinolates and Flavonoids in Rorippa indica (Linn.) Hiern. (Cruciferae) by UHPLC-PDA-ESI/HRMS n. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 62(26), 6118–6129. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf405538d
Mahgoub, A. M. M. A. (2023). Ecological importance and sociological characters of fourteen widespread weeds and their contribution to the observed (dis)similarity between weed communities. Heliyon, 9(4), e13638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13638
Montemurro, F., Persiani, A., & Diacono, M. (2020). Cover crop as living mulch: effects on energy flows in Mediterranean organic cropping systems. Agronomy, 10(5), 667. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10050667
Ng, Z. X., Than, M. J. Y., & Yong, P. H. (2021). Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth herbal tea: Effect of fermentation and drying methods on the consumer acceptance, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Food Chemistry, 344, 128738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128738
Nguyen, T. (2023). Review on bioactive compounds and pharmacological properties of Cleome rutidosperma DC. Journal of Tropical Life Science, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.13.03.20
Nkoa, R., Owen, M. D. K., & Swanton, C. J. (2015). Weed abundance, distribution, diversity, and community analyses. Weed Science, 63(SP1), 64–90. https://doi.org/10.1614/WS-D-13-00075.1
Putra, F. P., Yudono, P., & Waluyo, D. S. (2018). Perubahan komposisi gulma pada sistem tumpangsari padi gogo dengan kedelai di lahan pasir pantai. Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy), 46(1), 33. https://doi.org/10.24831/jai.v46i1.17093
Rachmalia, F., Fauziyyah, M. D., Faturrahman, A. D., Ramadhan, M. F., Indriyani, S., Aurina, D. M., Septiasari, A., & Setyawan, A. D. (2023). Studi potensi pemanfaatan tumbuhan vaskuler non-timber di Desa Donorejo, Kecamatan Kaligesing, Purworejo, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon, 9(2), 16–28. https://doi.org/10.13057/psnmbi/m090203
Ragavan, P., Saxena, A., Mohan, P. M., Ravichandran, K., Jayaraj, R. S. C., & Saravanan, S. (2015). Diversity, distribution and vegetative structure of mangroves of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Journal of Coastal Conservation, 19(4), 417–443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-015-0398-4
Ramesha, Y. M., Bhanuvally, M., Krishnamurthy, D., & Gaddi, A. K. (2018). Weed management effect on growth and yield of sugarcane. Indian Journal of Weed Science, 50(4), 373. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-8164.2018.00079.5
Satriawan, H., & Zahrul, F. (2019). Short communication: analysis of weed vegetation in immature and mature oil palm plantations. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 20(11). https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d201123
Silalahi, M. (2022). Crassocephalum crepidioides (bioactivity and utilization). Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of Education and Science, ICES 2021, November 17-18, 2021, Jakarta, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.17-11-2021.2318673
Suarna, I. W., Suryani, N. N., Budiasa, K. M., & Wijaya, I. M. S. (2019). Karakteristik tumbuh Asystasia gangetica pada berbagai aras pemupukan urea. Pastura, 9(1), 21–23.
Susilawati, Asysyifa, & Oktoviani, I. (2021). Composition and diversity of weeds in peat swamp forest in Banjar District of South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 113(5), 84–91. https://doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2021-05.10
Tiffeau-Mayer, A. (2024). Unbiased estimation of sampling variance for Simpson’s diversity index. Physical Review E, 109(6), 064411. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.109.064411
Travlos, I. S., Cheimona, N., Roussis, I., & Bilalis, D. J. (2018). Weed-species abundance and diversity indices in relation to tillage systems and fertilization. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 6(11), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2018.00011
Xu, C., Zeng, Y., Zheng, Z., Zhao, D., Liu, W., Ma, Z., & Wu, B. (2022). Assessing the impact of soil on species diversity estimation based on UAV imaging spectroscopy in a natural alpine steppe. Remote Sensing, 14(3), 671. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14030671
Xu, K., Chang, Y., Zhang, Y., Liu, K., Zhang, J., Wang, W., Li, Z., Wu, J., Ma, S., Xin, Y., Li, C., Zhou, Q., Qiu, H., Pi, Y., Wang, Y., Tan, G., & Li, C. (2016). Rorippa indica regeneration via somatic embryogenesis involving frog egg-like bodies efficiently induced by the synergy of salt and drought stresses. Scientific Reports, 6(1), 19811. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep19811
Yuan, X., Li, R., Tang, G., Yang, S., & Deng, J. (2025). Enhancing sugarcane yield and weed control sustainability with degradable film mulching. Plants, 14(16), 2521. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14162521
Yuliana, A. I., & Ami, M. S. (2020). Analisis vegetasi dan potensi pemanfaatan jenis gulma pasca pertanaman jagung. Jurnal Agroteknologi Merdeka Pasuruan, 4(2), 20–28.
Published
2025-12-29
How to Cite
Nabiilatussaniyya, N., Muhtadi, M. M., Fahruddin, M. M., & Prahardika, B. (2025). Keragaman dan Potensi Pemanfaatan Gulma pada Lahan Sawah Budidaya Tanaman Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.). AGRORADIX : Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian, 9(1), 100-111. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.52166/agroteknologi.v9i1.10914
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Articles
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