AN ASSESSMENT OF THE MACROECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF DEMAND FOR LIFE INSURANCE PRODUCTS: EMPIRICAL FROM NIGERIA
Keywords:
Quality Management System, Organizational Performance, Nigerian Manufacturing Industry
Abstract
Life insurance also serves as a social mechanism for covering expenses related to death and supporting dependents. This study aimed to explore how national income, inflation rates, real interest rates, life expectancy, and dependency ratios influence the demand for life insurance products in Nigeria. A fixed effect model was fitted on sourced data over the period from 1980 to 2023. The paper finds that a positive but statistically insignificant relationship with life insurance demand was observed, indicating a weak impact. Both variables did not significantly affect life insurance demand, supporting the hypothesis that these economic factors have minimal influence. A significant positive relationship with life insurance demand was found. This suggests that as life expectancy increases, so does the demand for life insurance, highlighting the importance of long-term financial planning. A significant negative relationship with life insurance demand was identified, indicating that a higher ratio of dependents to income earners results in lower demand for insurance products. These findings provide a nuanced understanding of the determinants of life insurance demand in Nigeria, emphasizing the varying impacts of socio-economic and demographic factors.
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References
Abdul-Fatawu, M., Logubayom, A. I., & Abonongo, J. (2019). Determinants of the demand for life insurance in the Northern Region of Ghana – A study of the Tamale Metropolis. The Journal of Risk Management and Insurance, 23(1), 52-69.
Akinbola, I.L.T., and Ejide, O., 2020. Ethical issue: A problem in Nigeria insurance companies. In.
Altman, M. (2016). Real-world decision making: An encyclopedia of behavioral economics. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood.
Asghari, M., and Babu, S.H., 2017. Understanding of customer expectations and perceptions of Indian health insurance companies. International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, 43 (3), Pp. 138-146.
Bajpai, S., and Mazhar, S.S., 2022. Marketing Strategies of Life Insurance Companies: Book Rivers.
Chang, C. H., & Lee, C. C. (2022). Non-linearity between life insurance and economic development: A revisited approach. The Geneva Risk and Insurance Review, 37, 223-257.
Chaudhary, S., 2016. Consumer perception regarding life insurance policies: A factor analytical approach. Pacific Business Review International, 9 (6), Pp. 52-61.
Cohen, L., & Manion, L. (1994). Research Methods in Education (4th ed.). Routledge.
Cooper, J., 2022. Cognitive dissonance theory. Handbook of theories of social psychology, 1, Pp. 377-397.
Curak, M., and Kljakovic, M., (2021). Economic and Social Determinants of Life Insurance Consumption– Evidence from Central and Eastern Europe. Journal of American Academy of Business, 16(2), 216-222.
Ćurak, M., Dzaja, I., & Pepur, S. (2023). The effect of social and demographic factors no life insurance demand in Croatia. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4(9), 65-72
Czerwiński, B. (2016). Determinanty zakupu usług ubezpieczeniowych przez osoby powyżej 50. roku życia. Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego Nr 875. Problemy Zarządzania, Finansów i Marketingu, 41, 2, 49-59.
Dragos, S. L., Codruta, M., Dragota, I. M., Dragos, C. M., & Muresan, G. M. (2017). The nexus between the demand for life insurance and institutional factors in Europe: New evidence from a panel data approach. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 30(1), 1477-1496
Dutta, M.V. (2023). Life Insurance-Products, Principles, and Practices: Blue Rose Publishers.
Dwivedi, D.N. (2010). Macroeconomics: Theory and policy (3rd ed.). New York City, NY: Tate McGraw-Hill Education.
Fier, S., & Carson, J. (2016). Catastrophes and the demand for life insurance. Journal of Insurance, 38(2), 125-156.
Fofie, G.A., (2016). What Influence Customer Patronage of Insurance Policies? An Empirical Assessment of Socio-Economic and Demographic Determinants of Insurance Patronage in Ghana. International Review of Management and Marketing, 6(1), 81- 88.
Francis, D., Samuel. O. O. A., Ernest A. D. and Samuel, A., (2017).What are the Socio - Economic Correlates of Life Insurance Purchase? Evidence from the Asokore Mampong Municipality in Ghana.International Journal of Research in Social Sciences, 7, 2249-2496 (http://www.ijmra.us)
Freeman, B. O., Abdul Latif, A., & Paul, Q. E. A. (2016). An investigation into bankers’ patronage of life insurance products in Ghana. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 3. Retrieved from: http://ijecm.co.uk/ISSN 23480386
Freeman, B.O, Abdul Latif, A., Paul, Q. E. A., (2016). An Investigation into Bankers’ Patronage of Life Insurance Products in Ghana. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 3, United Kingdom, http://ijecm.co.uk/ISSN 23480386
Friedman, M (1957). A Theory of the Consumption Function. Retrieved from: www.nber.org/chapters/c4405.pdf
Gachau, J., 2016. Customer satisfaction and insurance service delivery quality in Kenya. University of Nairobi.
Gaikwad, A.S., and Vibhute, S., 2023. A Study On Buying Behavior Of Customers Towards Life Insurance In Kolhapur. Indian Streams Research Journal, 3 (7), Pp. 1-7.
Garba, J., Jibril, A., and Watifa, H., 2021. Factors affecting the patronage of insurance services in Borno state, Nigeria. International journal of economic development research and investment, 2 (1), Pp. 1-11.
Hartwig, R., Niehaus, G., and Qiu, J., 2020. Insurance for economic losses caused by pandemics. The Geneva Risk and Insurance Review, 45, Pp. 134-170.
Hossain, M.J., 2016. Factors affecting insurance consumption: A case study in the Dhaka city. Printed by: Creative Dot, 1811 (120293), Pp. 61.
Isimoya, O.A., and Olaniyan, M.S., 2020. Impact of relationship marketing dimensions on word of mouth communication in the insurance industry in Nigeria. Acta Universitatis Danubius. Œconomica, 16 (3).
Jain, R., and Saini, M.M., 2022. A Study On Preference Of Insurance As An Investment On The Basis Of Occupation.
Kaguma, G., 2021. Customers perceptions of service quality offered by life insurance companies in Kenya. Unpublished MBA project, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Khamis, M.H., Azni, Z.M., Abd Aziz, S.H., and Aminordin, A., 2023. The Integration of Gestalt Theory to The Graphic Design.
Khurana, S., 2016. Analysis of service quality gap in Indian life insurance industry. European Journal of Commerce and Management Research, 2 (3), Pp. 1-13.
Kothari, C. R. (2009). Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques (2nd ed.). New Age International.
Kulkarni, S.M., 2023. Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction: An Empirical Study of LIC's Policyholders in Jalgaon District. Vision Research, Pp. 81-86.
Lewis Frank, D.(1989) “Dependents and the demand of life insurance”. Amercian economic Review 79: 452 – 466
Majeed, A. (2019). Determinants of the demand for life insurance in the northern region of ghana- a study of the tamale metropolis. The Journal of Risk Management and Insurance. 23(1): 52 - 69.
Mazhar, S.S., Rehman, A., and Din, S.U., 2016. Impact of demographic variables on purchase of e-insurance in urban areas in india. International Journal of Management, Innovation Entrepreneurial Research, 1 (1), Pp. 07-10.
Meko, M., Lemie, K., and Worku, A., 2019. Determinants of life insurance demand in Ethiopia. Journal of Economics, Business & Accountancy Ventura, 21 (3), Pp. 293-302.
Metin, I., and Camgoz, S.M., 2021. The advances in the history of cognitive dissonance theory. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 1 (6), Pp. 131-136.
Mojekwu, J., 2021. Study of modes of exit of life-insurance policy holders in Nigeria: Trends and patterns. International Business Research, 4 (3), Pp. 182.
Mossin, J. (1968), “Aspects of Rational Insurance Purchasing,” Journal of Political Economy, 79, 553-568.
Narradda Gamage S. K., Lin, L., & Haq, I. (2016). Economic and demographic characteristics, social capital, and demand for life insurance: Evidence from Central Region of Sri Lanka. Ecoforum, 5, 2(9), 74-82.
Nisamudheen, T., 2023. A comparative study of customer perception about insurance company with special reference to LIC and HDFC Standard Life Policies. South Asian Journal of Marketing & Management Research, 3 (7), Pp. 32-44.
Nthenge, P.K., 2022. Challenges facing the success of insurance services provision in Tanzania. University of Nairobi,
Oke, M.O., 2012. Insurance sector development and economic growth in Nigeria. African Journal of Business Management, 6 (23), Pp. 7016.
Park, S.C., Lemaire, J., and Chua, C.T., 2020. Is the Design of Bonus-Malus Systems Influenced by Insurance Maturity or National Culture?— Evidence from Asia. The geneva papers on risk and insurance-issues and practice, 35, Pp. S7-S27.
Parrish, S. (2016). Permanent life insurance in financial planning: Time for a new model. Journal of Financial Service Professionals, 68, 30-32.
Rajavardhan, I., Reddy, P., and Jahangir, J., 2016. Buying behaviour towards life insurance products in rural market: A case study of Nalgonda District. Telengana State International Journal of Scientific Research, 4 (3), Pp. 144-147.
Rajkumari, M., 2020. A study on customer preference towards insurance services and bancassurance. ICFAI Journal of Risk and Insurance, 4 (4), Pp. 49-60
Saad, A.M., Yusoff, R.Z., and Islam, R., 2016. Antecedents of service quality in the insurance industry. Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences, 8 (8), Pp. 121-131.
Sarkodie, E. E. and Yusif, H. M., (2016). Determinants of Life Insurance Demand, Consumer Perspective - A Case Study of Ayeduase-Kumasi Community, Ghana. Business and Economics Journal, 6(3).
Sarkodie, E. E., & Yusif, H. M. (2016). Determinants of life insurance demand, consumer perspective− a case study of the Ayeduase-Kumasi Community, Ghana. Business and Economics Journal, 6(3).
Šatrović, E. (2018). Determinants of life insurance demand: multivariate analysis. Sarajevo Business and Economics Review, 36, 7-24.
Shotick, J.A., Showers, V., and Lumpkin, J.R., 2016. Impact of Household Characteristics on Insurance Portfolios. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 2000 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference.
Singh, S., Sirohi, N.J., and Chaudhary, K., 2016. A study of customer perception towards service quality of life insurance companies in Delhi NCR Region. Global Journal of Management and Business Research: E Marketing, 14 (7), Pp. 19-31.
Śliwiński, A. (2016). Popyt na ubezpieczenia na życie – przegląd badań światowych. In Nowak S., Nowak A., & Sopoćko A. (Eds.). Polski rynek ubezpieczeń na tle kryzysów społeczno-gospodarczych (pp. 110-125), Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Śliwinski, A., Michalski, T., & Roszkiewicz, M. (2023). Demand for life insurance − an empirical analysis in the case Of Poland. The Geneva Papers, 38, 62-87.
Stroe, M.A., and Iliescu, M., 2023. Attitudes and perception in consumer's insurance decision. Global Economic Observer, 1 (2), Pp. 922-930.
Tsendsuren, S., Li, C. S., Peng, S. C., & Wong, W. K. (2018). The effects of health status on life insurance holding in 16 European countries. Sustainability, 10, 3454
van der Heide, A., and Kohl, S., 2022. Private Insurance, Public Welfare, and Financial Markets.
Varian, H.R. (1993).Intermediate microeconomics. (3th ed.). New York, NY: Norton & Company, Inc.
Wicka, A., & Leśniewska, M. (2017). Nastawienie rolników do ubezpieczeń na życie. Roczniki Naukowe Stowarzyszenia Ekonomistów Rolnictwa i Agrobiznesu, XIX, 4, 218-223.
Wireko, D., (2016). The determinants of Demand for life insurance products in Ghana- a survey of selected life insurance companies in the Kumasi Metropolis. A Master’s Thesis Submitted to the School of Business-Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
Yaari, M.E. (1965), “Uncertain Lifetime, Life Insurance, and the Theory of the Consumer,” Review of Economic Studies, 32, 137-150.
Yadav, B., and Tiwari, A., 2022. A study on factors affecting customers investment towards life insurance policies. International Journal of Marketing, Financial Services & Management Research, 1 (7), Pp. 106-123.
Yuan, C., and Jiang, Y., 2016. Factors affecting the demand for insurance in China. Applied Economics, 47 (45), Pp. 4855-4867.
Yuldashev, O.T., 2023. Ways of Development of Accumulative Life Insurance in Uzbekistan. Central Asian Journal of Innovations on Tourism Management and Finance, 4 (1), Pp. 99-107.
Akinbola, I.L.T., and Ejide, O., 2020. Ethical issue: A problem in Nigeria insurance companies. In.
Altman, M. (2016). Real-world decision making: An encyclopedia of behavioral economics. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood.
Asghari, M., and Babu, S.H., 2017. Understanding of customer expectations and perceptions of Indian health insurance companies. International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, 43 (3), Pp. 138-146.
Bajpai, S., and Mazhar, S.S., 2022. Marketing Strategies of Life Insurance Companies: Book Rivers.
Chang, C. H., & Lee, C. C. (2022). Non-linearity between life insurance and economic development: A revisited approach. The Geneva Risk and Insurance Review, 37, 223-257.
Chaudhary, S., 2016. Consumer perception regarding life insurance policies: A factor analytical approach. Pacific Business Review International, 9 (6), Pp. 52-61.
Cohen, L., & Manion, L. (1994). Research Methods in Education (4th ed.). Routledge.
Cooper, J., 2022. Cognitive dissonance theory. Handbook of theories of social psychology, 1, Pp. 377-397.
Curak, M., and Kljakovic, M., (2021). Economic and Social Determinants of Life Insurance Consumption– Evidence from Central and Eastern Europe. Journal of American Academy of Business, 16(2), 216-222.
Ćurak, M., Dzaja, I., & Pepur, S. (2023). The effect of social and demographic factors no life insurance demand in Croatia. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4(9), 65-72
Czerwiński, B. (2016). Determinanty zakupu usług ubezpieczeniowych przez osoby powyżej 50. roku życia. Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego Nr 875. Problemy Zarządzania, Finansów i Marketingu, 41, 2, 49-59.
Dragos, S. L., Codruta, M., Dragota, I. M., Dragos, C. M., & Muresan, G. M. (2017). The nexus between the demand for life insurance and institutional factors in Europe: New evidence from a panel data approach. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 30(1), 1477-1496
Dutta, M.V. (2023). Life Insurance-Products, Principles, and Practices: Blue Rose Publishers.
Dwivedi, D.N. (2010). Macroeconomics: Theory and policy (3rd ed.). New York City, NY: Tate McGraw-Hill Education.
Fier, S., & Carson, J. (2016). Catastrophes and the demand for life insurance. Journal of Insurance, 38(2), 125-156.
Fofie, G.A., (2016). What Influence Customer Patronage of Insurance Policies? An Empirical Assessment of Socio-Economic and Demographic Determinants of Insurance Patronage in Ghana. International Review of Management and Marketing, 6(1), 81- 88.
Francis, D., Samuel. O. O. A., Ernest A. D. and Samuel, A., (2017).What are the Socio - Economic Correlates of Life Insurance Purchase? Evidence from the Asokore Mampong Municipality in Ghana.International Journal of Research in Social Sciences, 7, 2249-2496 (http://www.ijmra.us)
Freeman, B. O., Abdul Latif, A., & Paul, Q. E. A. (2016). An investigation into bankers’ patronage of life insurance products in Ghana. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 3. Retrieved from: http://ijecm.co.uk/ISSN 23480386
Freeman, B.O, Abdul Latif, A., Paul, Q. E. A., (2016). An Investigation into Bankers’ Patronage of Life Insurance Products in Ghana. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 3, United Kingdom, http://ijecm.co.uk/ISSN 23480386
Friedman, M (1957). A Theory of the Consumption Function. Retrieved from: www.nber.org/chapters/c4405.pdf
Gachau, J., 2016. Customer satisfaction and insurance service delivery quality in Kenya. University of Nairobi.
Gaikwad, A.S., and Vibhute, S., 2023. A Study On Buying Behavior Of Customers Towards Life Insurance In Kolhapur. Indian Streams Research Journal, 3 (7), Pp. 1-7.
Garba, J., Jibril, A., and Watifa, H., 2021. Factors affecting the patronage of insurance services in Borno state, Nigeria. International journal of economic development research and investment, 2 (1), Pp. 1-11.
Hartwig, R., Niehaus, G., and Qiu, J., 2020. Insurance for economic losses caused by pandemics. The Geneva Risk and Insurance Review, 45, Pp. 134-170.
Hossain, M.J., 2016. Factors affecting insurance consumption: A case study in the Dhaka city. Printed by: Creative Dot, 1811 (120293), Pp. 61.
Isimoya, O.A., and Olaniyan, M.S., 2020. Impact of relationship marketing dimensions on word of mouth communication in the insurance industry in Nigeria. Acta Universitatis Danubius. Œconomica, 16 (3).
Jain, R., and Saini, M.M., 2022. A Study On Preference Of Insurance As An Investment On The Basis Of Occupation.
Kaguma, G., 2021. Customers perceptions of service quality offered by life insurance companies in Kenya. Unpublished MBA project, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Khamis, M.H., Azni, Z.M., Abd Aziz, S.H., and Aminordin, A., 2023. The Integration of Gestalt Theory to The Graphic Design.
Khurana, S., 2016. Analysis of service quality gap in Indian life insurance industry. European Journal of Commerce and Management Research, 2 (3), Pp. 1-13.
Kothari, C. R. (2009). Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques (2nd ed.). New Age International.
Kulkarni, S.M., 2023. Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction: An Empirical Study of LIC's Policyholders in Jalgaon District. Vision Research, Pp. 81-86.
Lewis Frank, D.(1989) “Dependents and the demand of life insurance”. Amercian economic Review 79: 452 – 466
Majeed, A. (2019). Determinants of the demand for life insurance in the northern region of ghana- a study of the tamale metropolis. The Journal of Risk Management and Insurance. 23(1): 52 - 69.
Mazhar, S.S., Rehman, A., and Din, S.U., 2016. Impact of demographic variables on purchase of e-insurance in urban areas in india. International Journal of Management, Innovation Entrepreneurial Research, 1 (1), Pp. 07-10.
Meko, M., Lemie, K., and Worku, A., 2019. Determinants of life insurance demand in Ethiopia. Journal of Economics, Business & Accountancy Ventura, 21 (3), Pp. 293-302.
Metin, I., and Camgoz, S.M., 2021. The advances in the history of cognitive dissonance theory. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 1 (6), Pp. 131-136.
Mojekwu, J., 2021. Study of modes of exit of life-insurance policy holders in Nigeria: Trends and patterns. International Business Research, 4 (3), Pp. 182.
Mossin, J. (1968), “Aspects of Rational Insurance Purchasing,” Journal of Political Economy, 79, 553-568.
Narradda Gamage S. K., Lin, L., & Haq, I. (2016). Economic and demographic characteristics, social capital, and demand for life insurance: Evidence from Central Region of Sri Lanka. Ecoforum, 5, 2(9), 74-82.
Nisamudheen, T., 2023. A comparative study of customer perception about insurance company with special reference to LIC and HDFC Standard Life Policies. South Asian Journal of Marketing & Management Research, 3 (7), Pp. 32-44.
Nthenge, P.K., 2022. Challenges facing the success of insurance services provision in Tanzania. University of Nairobi,
Oke, M.O., 2012. Insurance sector development and economic growth in Nigeria. African Journal of Business Management, 6 (23), Pp. 7016.
Park, S.C., Lemaire, J., and Chua, C.T., 2020. Is the Design of Bonus-Malus Systems Influenced by Insurance Maturity or National Culture?— Evidence from Asia. The geneva papers on risk and insurance-issues and practice, 35, Pp. S7-S27.
Parrish, S. (2016). Permanent life insurance in financial planning: Time for a new model. Journal of Financial Service Professionals, 68, 30-32.
Rajavardhan, I., Reddy, P., and Jahangir, J., 2016. Buying behaviour towards life insurance products in rural market: A case study of Nalgonda District. Telengana State International Journal of Scientific Research, 4 (3), Pp. 144-147.
Rajkumari, M., 2020. A study on customer preference towards insurance services and bancassurance. ICFAI Journal of Risk and Insurance, 4 (4), Pp. 49-60
Saad, A.M., Yusoff, R.Z., and Islam, R., 2016. Antecedents of service quality in the insurance industry. Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences, 8 (8), Pp. 121-131.
Sarkodie, E. E. and Yusif, H. M., (2016). Determinants of Life Insurance Demand, Consumer Perspective - A Case Study of Ayeduase-Kumasi Community, Ghana. Business and Economics Journal, 6(3).
Sarkodie, E. E., & Yusif, H. M. (2016). Determinants of life insurance demand, consumer perspective− a case study of the Ayeduase-Kumasi Community, Ghana. Business and Economics Journal, 6(3).
Šatrović, E. (2018). Determinants of life insurance demand: multivariate analysis. Sarajevo Business and Economics Review, 36, 7-24.
Shotick, J.A., Showers, V., and Lumpkin, J.R., 2016. Impact of Household Characteristics on Insurance Portfolios. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 2000 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference.
Singh, S., Sirohi, N.J., and Chaudhary, K., 2016. A study of customer perception towards service quality of life insurance companies in Delhi NCR Region. Global Journal of Management and Business Research: E Marketing, 14 (7), Pp. 19-31.
Śliwiński, A. (2016). Popyt na ubezpieczenia na życie – przegląd badań światowych. In Nowak S., Nowak A., & Sopoćko A. (Eds.). Polski rynek ubezpieczeń na tle kryzysów społeczno-gospodarczych (pp. 110-125), Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Śliwinski, A., Michalski, T., & Roszkiewicz, M. (2023). Demand for life insurance − an empirical analysis in the case Of Poland. The Geneva Papers, 38, 62-87.
Stroe, M.A., and Iliescu, M., 2023. Attitudes and perception in consumer's insurance decision. Global Economic Observer, 1 (2), Pp. 922-930.
Tsendsuren, S., Li, C. S., Peng, S. C., & Wong, W. K. (2018). The effects of health status on life insurance holding in 16 European countries. Sustainability, 10, 3454
van der Heide, A., and Kohl, S., 2022. Private Insurance, Public Welfare, and Financial Markets.
Varian, H.R. (1993).Intermediate microeconomics. (3th ed.). New York, NY: Norton & Company, Inc.
Wicka, A., & Leśniewska, M. (2017). Nastawienie rolników do ubezpieczeń na życie. Roczniki Naukowe Stowarzyszenia Ekonomistów Rolnictwa i Agrobiznesu, XIX, 4, 218-223.
Wireko, D., (2016). The determinants of Demand for life insurance products in Ghana- a survey of selected life insurance companies in the Kumasi Metropolis. A Master’s Thesis Submitted to the School of Business-Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
Yaari, M.E. (1965), “Uncertain Lifetime, Life Insurance, and the Theory of the Consumer,” Review of Economic Studies, 32, 137-150.
Yadav, B., and Tiwari, A., 2022. A study on factors affecting customers investment towards life insurance policies. International Journal of Marketing, Financial Services & Management Research, 1 (7), Pp. 106-123.
Yuan, C., and Jiang, Y., 2016. Factors affecting the demand for insurance in China. Applied Economics, 47 (45), Pp. 4855-4867.
Yuldashev, O.T., 2023. Ways of Development of Accumulative Life Insurance in Uzbekistan. Central Asian Journal of Innovations on Tourism Management and Finance, 4 (1), Pp. 99-107.
Published
2024-04-30
How to Cite
Gbadebo, A. (2024). AN ASSESSMENT OF THE MACROECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF DEMAND FOR LIFE INSURANCE PRODUCTS: EMPIRICAL FROM NIGERIA. J-MACC : Journal of Management and Accounting, 7(1), 140-153. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.52166/j-macc.v7i1.9352
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